| 3D |
three dimensional |
| 3Rs |
replacement, reduction, refinement |
| AALAS |
American Association for Laboratory Animal Science |
| ADI |
acceptable daily intake [human] |
| AFIP |
Armed Forces Institute of Pathology |
| AHI |
Animal Health Institute (US) |
| AIDS |
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome |
| ANDA |
Abbreviated New Drug Application (US FDA) |
| APHIS |
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA) |
| ARDF |
Alternatives Research and Development Foundation |
| ATLA |
Alternatives to Laboratory Animals |
| ATSDR |
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (US CDC) |
| BBMO |
Biosensors Based on Membrane Organization to Replace Animal Testing |
| BCOP |
Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability assay |
| BfR |
German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment |
| BLA |
Biological License Application (US FDA) |
| BRD |
Background Review Document (ICCVAM) |
| BSC |
Board of Scientific Counselors (US NTP) |
| BSE |
Bovine Spongiform Encephalitis |
| CAAI |
University of California Center for Animal Alternatives Information |
| CAAT |
Johns Hopkins Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing |
| CAMVA |
Chorioallantoic Membrane Vascularization Assay |
| CBER |
Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (US FDA) |
| CDC |
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US) |
| CDER |
Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (US FDA) |
| CDRH |
Center for Devices and Radiological Health (US FDA) |
| CERHR |
Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction (US NTP) |
| CFR |
Code of Federal Regulations (US) |
| CFSAN |
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (US FDA) |
| CHMP |
Committees for Medicinal Products for Human Use |
| CMR |
carcinogenic, mutagenic and reprotoxic |
| CO2 |
Carbon Dioxide |
| COLIPA |
European Cosmetic Toiletry & Perfumery Association |
| COMP |
Committee for Orphan Medicinal Products |
| CORDIS |
Community Research & Development Information Service |
| CORRELATE |
European Reference Laboratory for Alternative Tests |
| CPCP |
Chemical Prioritization Community of Practice (US EPA) |
| CPSC |
Consumer Product Safety Commission (US) |
| CTA |
Cell Transformation Assays |
| CVB |
Center for Veterinary Biologics (USDA) |
| CVM |
Center for Veterinary Medicine (US FDA) |
| CVMP |
Committee for Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use |
| DARPA |
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (US) |
| DG |
Directorate General |
| DOD |
Department of Defense (US) |
| DOT |
Department of Transportation (US) |
| DRP |
Detailed Review Paper (OECD) |
| EC |
European Commission |
| ECB |
European Chemicals Bureau |
| ECHA |
European Chemicals Agency |
| ECOPA |
European Consensus Platform for Alternatives |
| ECVAM |
European Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods |
| ED |
endocrine disrupters |
| EDQM |
European Directorate for Quality of Medicines & HealthCare |
| EEC |
European Economic Commission |
| EFPIA |
European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations |
| EFSA |
European Food Safety Authority |
| EFSA PPR Panel |
European Food Safety Authority Panel on plant protection products and their residues |
| EFTA |
European Free Trade Association |
| ELINCS |
European List of Notified Chemical Substances |
| ELISA |
Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay |
| EMEA |
European Medicines Agency |
| ENVI |
European Parliament Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety |
| EO |
Executive Orders (US) |
| EPA |
Environmental Protection Agency (US) |
| EPAA |
European Partnership for Alternative Approaches to Animal Testing |
| ESAC |
ECVAM Scientific Advisory Committee (EU) |
| ESOCOC |
Economic and Social Council (UN) |
| EU |
European Union |
| EWG |
expert working group |
| FAO |
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |
| FDA |
Food and Drug Administration (US) |
| FFDCA |
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (US) |
| FHSA |
Federal Hazardous Substances Act (US) |
| FIFRA |
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (US) |
| FP |
framework program |
| FRAME |
Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Experiments |
| GCCP |
good cell culture practice |
| GCP |
good clinical practice |
| GHS |
Globally Harmonized System for Classification and Labeling of Chemicals |
| GJIC |
gap junction intercellular communication [assay] |
| GLP |
good laboratory practice |
| GMO |
genetically modified organism |
| GMP |
good manufacturing practice |
| GPMT |
Guinea Pig Maximization Test |
| HCE, HCE-T |
human corneal epithelial cells |
| HESI |
ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute |
| HET-CAM |
Hen's Egg Test - Chorioallantoic Membrane assay |
| HHS |
Department of Health and Human Services (US) |
| HIV |
Human Immunodeficiency Virus |
| HMPC |
Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products |
| HPV |
High Production Volume |
| HSUS |
The Humane Society of the United States |
| HTS |
high throughput screening |
| IARC |
International Agency for Research on Cancer (WHO) |
| ICAPO |
International Council for Animal Protection in OECD |
| ICCVAM |
Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (US) |
| ICE |
isolated chicken eye |
| ICH |
International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use |
| ICSC |
International Chemical Safety Cards |
| IFAH-EUROPE |
International Federation for Animal Health Europe |
| IFPMA |
International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers & Associations |
| IIVS |
Institute for In Vitro Sciences |
| ILAR |
Institute for Laboratory Animal Research |
| ILO |
International Labour Organization |
| ILSI |
International Life Sciences Institute |
| IND |
investigational new drug (US FDA) |
| INVITROM |
Dutch-Belgian Society for In Vitro Methods |
| IOMC |
Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (WHO) |
| IPCS |
International Programme on Chemical Safety (WHO) |
| IQF |
International QSAR Foundation to Reduce Animal Testing |
| IRB |
institutional review board |
| IRE |
isolated rabbit eye |
| IWG |
Immunotoxicity Working Group (ICCVAM) |
| JaCVAM |
Japanese Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods |
| JAVB |
Japanese Association of Veterinary Biologics |
| JECFA |
Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives |
| JMAFF |
Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries |
| JPMA |
Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association |
| JRC |
Joint Research Centre (EU) |
| JVPA |
Japanese Veterinary Products Association |
| KoCVAM |
Korean Center for the Validation of Alternative Method |
| Liintop |
Liver Intestine Optimization |
| LLNA |
Local Lymph Node Assay |
| MAD |
Mutual Acceptance of Data (OECD) |
| MEIC |
Multicenter Evaluation of In Vitro Cytotoxicity |
| MEMO |
MEIC monographs on time-related human lethal blood concentrations |
| MEPs |
Members of the European Parliament |
| mg |
milligrams [a unit of weight] |
| MHLW |
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (Japan) |
| MLI |
Molecular Libraries Initiative (US NIH) |
| MSDS |
Material Safety Data Sheets |
| MW |
molecular weight |
| Nc3Rs |
UK National Center for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research |
| NCA |
Netherlands Center for Alternatives to Animal Use |
| NCBI |
National Center for Biotechnology Information (US) |
| NCEH |
National Center for Environmental Health (US CDC) |
| NCGC |
NIH Chemical Genomics Center (US) |
| NCI |
National Cancer Institute (US NIH) |
| NCPDCID |
National Center for Preparedness, Detection and Control of Infectious Diseases |
| NCTR |
National Center for Toxicological Research (US FDA) |
| NDA |
new drug application (US FDA) |
| NGO |
non-governmental organization |
| NIAID |
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases |
| NICA |
Nordic Information Center for Alternative Methods |
| NICEATM |
National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods (US) |
| NIEHS |
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (US NIH) |
| NIH |
National Institutes of Health (US) |
| NIHS |
National Institute of Health Sciences (Japan) |
| NIOSH |
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (US CDC) |
| NITR |
National Institute of Toxicological Research (Korea) |
| NOAEL |
no-observed adverse effect level |
| NOEL |
no-observed effect level |
| NPPTAC |
National Pollution Prevention and Toxics Advisory Committee (US EPA) |
| NRC |
National Research Council |
| NTP |
National Toxicology Program (US) |
| OECD |
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development |
| OMCLs |
Official Medicines Control Laboratories |
| OPPTS |
Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances (US EPA) |
| ORF |
open reading frame |
| OSHA |
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (US) |
| OSIRIS |
Optimized Strategies for Risk Assessment of Industrial Chemicals through the Integration of Non-test and Test Information |
| OTC |
over-the-counter [drug] |
| PBPK |
physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (modeling) |
| P&G |
Procter & Gamble |
| PhRMA |
Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America |
| PL |
public law |
| POPs |
Persistent Organic Pollutants |
| (Q)SAR |
(Quantitative) Structure Activity Relationship |
| QSM |
Quality, Safety and Efficacy of Medicines (WHO) |
| RA |
regulatory acceptance |
| REACH |
Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals |
| RHE |
reconstructed human epidermis |
| RIPs |
REACH Implementation Projects |
| rLLNA |
reduced Local Lymph Node Assay |
| SACATM |
Scientific Advisory Committee on Alternative Toxicological Methods (US) |
| SAICM |
Strategic Approach to International Chemical Management (WHO) |
| SANCO |
Health and Consumer Protection Directorate General |
| SCAHAW |
Scientific Committee on Animal Health and Animal Welfare |
| SCCP |
Scientific Committee on Consumer Products |
| SCENIHR |
Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks |
| SCFCAH |
Standing Committee on the Food Chain and Animal Health |
| SCHER |
Standing Committee on Health and Environmental Risks |
| SEPs |
Special Emphasis Panels (US NTP) |
| SIDS |
Screening Information Data Sets |
| SOT |
Society of Toxicology |
| SPORT |
Strategic Partnership on REACH Testing |
| TBD |
to be determined |
| TDG |
Transport of Dangerous Goods (UN committee) |
| TER |
transcutaneous electrical resistance |
| TEWG |
Technical Expert Working Group |
| TG |
Test Guideline (OECD) |
| ToBI |
toxin binding inhibition |
| TSCA |
Toxic Substances Control Act (US) |
| TTC |
threshold of toxicological concern |
| TTRC |
AltTox's Toxicity Testing Resource Center |
| UC |
University of California |
| UCD |
University of California Davis |
| UK |
United Kingdom |
| UN |
United Nations |
| UNECE |
United Nations Economic Commission for Europe |
| UNEP |
United Nations Environment Programme |
| UNITAR |
United Nations Institute for Training and Research |
| USAMRICD |
US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense |
| USAMRIID |
US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases |
| USAMRMC |
US Army Medical Research and Material Command |
| USDA |
United States Department of Agriculture |
| USUHS |
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences |
| UV |
ultraviolet |
| VCCEP |
Voluntary Children's Chemical Evaluation Program US EPA) |
| VICH |
International Cooperation on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Veterinary Products |
| WHO |
World Health Organization |
| WRAIR |
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research |
| ZEBET |
Centre for Documentation and Evaluation of Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments (Germany) |
|
