Institutions & Agencies
The European Union (EU) was established in the wake of the Second World War to promote peace, security, socioeconomic solidarity and other shared values among many diverse cultures. The resultant EU political system is unique in the world: a confederation of 27 countries operating in 23 official languages through a "supranational" system of governance, under which member countries delegate some of their decision-making powers to the following EU institutions:
- Council of Ministers
- European Parliament
- European Commission
- Agencies
Community Strategies
In addition to the directives, regulations and implementing tools developed by EU institutions, a number of non-legislative Community-wide strategies and action plans have also been proposed as a means of addressing issues of concern that cut across a number of different regulatory sectors.
Validation Centers
European governmental and private centers specializing in the validation of in vitro, in silico or alternative methods to reduce, refine and/or replace the use of animals in regulatory toxicology.
3Rs Centers & Initiatives
In addition to the efforts of ECVAM, and other validation centers, a number of independent academic, government and charitable centers also operate in the EU with more general 3Rs mandates.
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Agrochemicals
Biocides
Biologics
Chemicals
Cosmetics
Endocrine disruptors
Food additives & flavorings
Food contaminants
Genetically modified foods
Nanoscale particles
Nutritional supplements
Pharmaceuticals
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