Validated Non-animal Alternatives
Ex vivo human and/or animal skin preparations and various test protocols are acceptable for dermal penetration testing according to OECD Test Guideline 428, Skin Absorption: In Vitro Method, and the OECD Guidance Document for the Conduct of Skin Absorption Studies (GD No. 28). Draft OECD Guidance Notes on Dermal Absorption (2010) are also under review.
European Union agencies consider the in vitro methods superior to the animal methods for dermal penetration testing, and have therefore accepted in vitro dermal penetration methods without formal endorsement of their validity. There are reports of US agencies accepting in vitro dermal penetration data, however, they may still require animal dermal penetration test data.
Additional information on in vitro methods being developed for dermal penetration testing can be found on AltTox at: Toxicity Endpoints & Tests: Dermal Penetration.
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