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Non-animal Methods for Toxicity Testing

References: Belanger

Last Updated: September 18, 2009
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Lammer, E., Carr, G.J., Wendler, K., Rawlings, J.M., Belanger, S.E., & Braunbeck, T. (2009). Is the Fish Embryo Test (FET) with the zebrafish (Danio rerio) a potential alternative for the fish acute toxicity test? Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C Toxicol. Pharmacol. 149, 196-209.

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van der Jagt, K., Munn, S., Torslov, J. & de Bruijn, J. (2004). Alternative approaches can reduce the use of test animals under REACH. European Commission, Directorate General Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection. 25p.

Weisbrod, A.V., Sahi, J., Segner, H., James, M.O., Nichols, J., Schultz, I., et al. (2008). The state of in vitro science for use in bioaccumulation assessments for fish. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 28, 86-96.