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Non-animal Methods for Toxicity Testing

References


Last Updated: December 6, 2007
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Aptula, A.O., Patlewicz, G., Roberts, D.W. & Schultz, T.W. (2006). Non-enzymatic glutathione reactivity and in vitro toxicity: A non-animal approach to skin sensitization. Toxicol. In Vitro. 20, 239-247.

Ashby, J., Basketter, D.A., Paton, D. & Kimber, I. (1995). Structure activity relationships in skin sensitization using the murine local lymph node assay. Toxicology. 103, 177-194.

Ashikaga, T., Yoshida, Y., Hirota, M., et al. (2006). Development of an in vitro skin sensitization test using human cell lines: The human Cell Line Activation Test (h-CLAT). I. Optimization of the h-CLAT protocol. Toxicol. In Vitro. 20, 767-773.

Barratt, M.D. & Langowski, J.J. (1999). Validation and subsequent development of the DEREK skin sensitization rulebase by analysis of the BgVV list of contact allergens. J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 39, 294-298.

ECVAM. (1999). ESAC Statement, March 21, 1999: Local Lymph Node Assay for skin sensitisation (LLNA). Retrieved here on Sept. 1, 2007.

ECVAM. (2005). Executive Summary. Altern. Lab Anim. 33, 9.

ECVAM. (2007). ESAC Statement, April 27, 2007: Reduced Local Lymph Node Assay (rLLNA) for skin sensitisation. Retrieved here Sept. 1, 2007.

EPA. (2003). Revised Final Health Effects Test Guideline; Skin Sensitization; Notice of Availability. Retrieved here Sept. 1, 2007.

Fedorowicz, A., Singh, H., Soderholm, S. & Demchuk, E. (2005). Structure-activity models for contact sensitization. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 18, 954-969.

Gerberick, G.F., Vassallo, J.D., Bailey, R.E., et al. (2004). Development of a peptide reactivity assay for screening contact allergens. Toxicol. Sci. 81, 332-343.

Gerberick, G.F., Vassallo, J.D., Foertsch, L.M., et al. (2007). Quantification of chemical peptide reactivity for screening contact allergens: A classification tree model approach. Toxicol. Sci. 97, 417-427.

Gildea, L.A., Ryan, C.A., Foertsch, L.M., et al. (2006). Identification of gene expression changes induced by chemical allergens in dendritic cells: Opportunities for skin sensitization testing. J. Invest. Dermatol. 126, 1813-1822.

ICCVAM. (1999). Peer Review Report. The murine local lymph node assay: A test method for assessing the allergic contact dermatitis potential of chemicals/compounds. NIH Publication No. 99-4494. Retrieved here Sept. 1, 2007.

ICCVAM. (2001). Protocol: Murine local lymph node assay (LLNA). Retrieved here Sept. 1, 2007.

ICCVAM. (2007a). Immunotoxicity: Murine local lymph node assay (LLNA). Overview and ICCVAM report. Retrieved here Sept. 1, 2007.

ICCVAM. (2007b). CPSC nomination letter. Retrieved here Sept. 1, 2007.

Jacobs, J.J., Lehé, C.L., Cammans, K.D., et al. (2004). Assessment of contact allergens by dissociation of irritant and sensitizing properties. Toxicol. In Vitro. 18, 681-690.

Langton, K., Patlewicz, G.Y., Long, A., et al. (2006). Structure-activity relationships for skin sensitization: Recent improvements to Derek for Windows. Contact Dermatitis. 55, 342-347.

Natsch, A., Gfeller, H., Rothaupt, M. & Ellis, G. (2007). Utility and limitations of a peptide reactivity assay to predict fragrance allergens in vitro. Toxicol. In Vitro. 21, 1220-1226.

OECD. (1992). Skin sensitisation. TG 406. Retrieved here Sept. 1, 2007.

OECD. (2002). Skin sensitisation: Local Lymph Node Assay. TG 429. Retrieved here Sept. 1, 2007.

OECD. (2006). Scientific issue paper on strong vs. weak sensitizers. Retrieved here Sept. 1, 2007.

OECD. (2007). Guidance document on the validation of (Quantitative) Structure-Activity Relationships [(Q)SAR] models. ENV/JM/MONO(2007)2. Retrieved here Sept. 1, 2007.

Patlewicz, G., Aptula, A.O., Uriarte, E., et al. (2007). An evaluation of selected global (Q)SARs/expert systems for the prediction of skin sensitisation potential. SAR QSAR Environ. Res. 18, 515-541.

Roberts, D.W., Aptula, A.O. & Patlewicz, G. (2007). Electrophilic chemistry related to skin sensitization. Reaction mechanistic applicability domain classification for a published data set of 106 chemicals tested in the mouse Local Lymph Node Assay. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 20, 44-60.

Rovida, C, Basketter, D, Casati, S, et al. (2007). Management of an integrated project (Sens-it-iv) to develop in vitro tests to assess sensitisation. Altern. Lab. Anim. 35, 317-322.

Ryan, C.A., Gildea, L.A., Hulette, B.C., et al. (2004). Gene expression changes in peripheral blood-derived dendritic cells following exposure to a contact allergen. Toxicol. Lett. 150, 301-316.

Ryan, C.A., Gerberick, G.F., Gildea, L.A., et al. (2005). Interactions of contact allergens with dendritic cells: Opportunities and challenges for the development of novel approaches to hazard assessment. Toxicol. Sci. 88, 4-11.

Ryan, C.A., Kimber, I., Basketter, D.A., et al. (2007). Dendritic cells and skin sensitization: Biological roles and uses in hazard identification. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 221, 384-394.

Sakaguchi, H., Ashikaga, T., Miyazawa, M., et al. (2006). Development of an in vitro skin sensitization test using human cell lines; human Cell Line Activation Test (h-CLAT). II. An inter-laboratory study of the h-CLAT. Toxicol. In Vitro. 20, 774-784.

Sakaguchi, H., Miyazawa, M., Yoshida Y., et al. (2007). Prediction of preservative sensitization potential using surface marker CD86 and/or CD54 expression on human cell line, THP-1. Arch. Dermatol. Res. 298, 427-437.

Stokes, W.S. (2007). Alternative and Integrated Approaches to Skin Sensitization: Recent Progress and the Way Forward, Abstract No. 593. 2007 Itinerary Planner. Charlotte, NC: Society of Toxicology.

United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). (2004). Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). Respiratory or Skin Sensitization, Chapter 3.4. pp. 151-158. Retrieved here Sept. 1, 2007.